我国在工业除尘设计方面取得了一定的进展,尤其是在治理水污染的有效途径上。社会环境改善成为推动这一进步的关键驱动力。然而,我们仍然面临着与国际水平相比,除尘设备品种、性能和系统维护管理水平存在较大差距的问题。
散发粉尘和有害物质的工艺设备,其吸尘罩和除尘器很少配套出厂。因此,除尘系统正常运行的仅是少数。此外,我国在热风冲天炉除尘及余热利用技术研究和实践较少,这也是需要进一步改进的地方。
目前,常用的冲天炉除尘设备主要包括旋流除尘器、袋式除尘器、颗粒层除粒器、电除尘器和湿法除尘器等。我国还没有使用电除了尘器,而湿法除染则极少采用。
炼钢电弧炉排烟方式主要有炉外、炉内以及两者结合三种形式。我国在10t以上 炉子上采用第四孔排烟,但国内坚持单独应用第四孔排烟的系统很少。在电炉烟dust净化设备方面,我国与国际都采用袋式exclude dust.
硅铁炉的烟dust净化系统,与国际先进水平相比还有待提高。刚玉冶炼炉烟dust净化已投入运行,对于燃煤工业锅炉效率高且投资低的小型锅炉,还需开发适宜的exclude dust技术。
铸造设备通常不配套清理设备,因此基本上不配套出厂。而水泥生产设备扬灰点多样,其粉末性质有显著差异,因此使用了各种类型如袋式exclude dust 和 电except dust.
旋风except dust 的发展方向主要集中在气固两相流分离中,所以并不像我国那样解决燃煤窑室中的smoke pollution. 但仍然进行研究并开发高效旋风except dust 设备,其中包括带二次风旋流except dust,切向射流旋风except dust,中心带转动叶片旋风except dusty 等.
近年来,在rotate except dusty 中实现了减阻杆,可以保持原有的clearing efficiency而降低30%阻力。在reduce blocking and heat resistance while maintaining the same clear efficiency, reducing resistance by approximately 70%.
对于bag filter devices, international development trends mainly include tube-shaped folding pulse bag filters, flat bags with side-mounted pulse bag filters, electric one-bag filters for gas production furnaces, and whole-room pulse cleaning bag filters. New products developed in recent years include positioning reverse blow-back flat bags to solve the problem of uneven rotation reversal affecting clearing effectiveness.
The combination of wet scrubbing and desulfurization has been developed in more than ten types of integrated purification equipment. Wet limestone scrubbers have been widely applied with Chinese characteristics. However, there are still issues to be improved such as corrosion resistance and maintenance difficulties.
Electrostatic precipitators have also seen new developments including SF and F series electrostatic precipitators for thermal power plant boilers over 300-600 MW capacity; BS780 series electrostatic precipitators for cement industry; KFH type series electrostatic precipitator sets used in coal-fired power plants from 25-600 MW capacity; three-electrode CD and GTD type electrostatic precipitators applied broadly in metallurgy, cement industries electronics manufacturing sector.
Finally my country's filter material industry has made significant progress since a couple of years ago with many new products available including NOMEX (aramid fiber which can withstand temperatures up to 220°C), P84 (polyimide which can withstand temperatures up to 260°C), Dolan needle-punch fabric (nylon fibers at room temperature) thin film composite materials coated on various filter media surfaces that achieve an effluent filtration rate of over 99.99% resistant to water but capable up to temperatures of around 260°C based on different base materials) Ryton needle-punched fabric etc., but most commonly used are "208" nylon mesh fabrics or "729" polyester meshes.
Moreover my country has already produced trial models using foldable cylindrical filter tubes but most use foreign-made products currently found that fold numbers are too high (such as one turn having around280 folds) leading poor clearing performance paper-based filtering materials being prone towards shorter lifespans due their inherent properties
Thus it is evident that my country's industrial exhaust treatment technology still needs further development especially compared internationally despite some advancements made so far particularly addressing water pollution effectively